When discussing the role of national sectors’ role in national cybersecurity and regional cooperation, César Moliné Rodríguez stressed the fundamental role of national stakeholders in developing a robust national strategy: “Cybersecurity is not only the responsibility of governments, rather it involves a diverse set of actors from public and private sectors and civil society. Governments must lead the coordination, offer clear regulatory framework, standards and facilitate cooperation. Private sector, on the other hand, plays crucial role in implementing cybersecurity measures, adopting guidelines and sharing information. Civil society, for its part, plays role in promoting research and development andsupports capacity building and awareness raising.”

Moreover, César Moliné Rodríguez stressed that the benefits of regional cooperation are crystal clear, because cyberthreats do not recognize borders and currently no country can address cyber threats on their own, “This is where the EU CyberNet project and the LAC4 Centre have been focusing their efforts in bridging gaps and facilitating regional cooperation in the Latin Americas and the Caribbean region.”

In another panel session on strengthening national Cyber Security Incident Response Teams (CSIRTs), César Moliné Rodríguez highlighted CSIRTs’ essential role in improving national cybersecurity: “They serve as neurological centres in the management of cybersecurity incidents, both nationally and internationally. But often many CSIRTs face limited funding and lack of qualified personnel. Overcoming these challenges require upskilling, automation and fostering of public-private partnerships such as establishing clear communications’ channels for transparency, using informal and formal means of cooperation, and partnering with international organisations.”

“Information and communication technologies have crucial role in sectors like government, finance, or health as they rely on the continuous availability of Internet. The rise of malicious activities by state and non-stake actors pose risk to international peace and security, making cybersecurity as emerging domain in diplomacy. The international cyber diplomacy framework seeks to address these challenges by applying international law to cyberspace, establishing norms for responsible behavior and enhancing cyber capacities of diplomats,” César Moliné Rodríguez said in keynote on cyberdiplomacy.